Scoliosis

Scoliosis is a lateral curvature of the spine, typically forming an “S” or “C” shape. The most common type is adolescent idiopathic scoliosis which usually presents during the adolescent growth spurt. Scoliosis can also be congenital, related to a neuromuscular condition, or develop later in life as our bones and discs degenerate. Many medical providers will screen for scoliosis using a scoliometer measurement on a forward-bend test. If the scoliometer reading is greater than 5 degrees, an x-ray is recommended to confirm the diagnosis. Any curvature of the spine measuring greater than 10 degrees on an x-ray is considered scoliosis.

There are several types of scoliosis:

Idiopathic Scoliosis – This is the most common type of scoliosis. “Idiopathic” means that there is not a known cause. It occurs most frequently in adolescents.
Early Onset Scoliosis – Any scoliosis that is present before 10 years of age. The Scoliosis Research Society has an excellent article regarding early onset scoliosis.
Congenital Scoliosis – In this type of scoliosis, the vertebrae are not formed correctly and may be misshapen or fused. This starts even before birth. Congenital scoliosis occurs in only 1 in 10,000 newborns.
Neuromuscular Scoliosis – Several medical conditions, including cerebral palsy, spina bifida, and muscular dystrophy, can lead to scoliosis due to impaired ability to control the muscles that support the spine.
Degenerative Scoliosis – This is more commonly seen in the lumbar spine of older adults and is a result of wear and tear on the joints and discs in the spine.

Treatment options for scoliosis include observation, physical therapy, bracing, and surgery.

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