Kyphosis

Kyphosis is the forward curvature of the upper back that normally measures 30-50 degrees. If the kyphosis measures over 50 degrees, the shoulders may appear rounded with a hunched forward posture causing a “humpback” appearance. Kyphosis affects children, adolescents, and adults. In children, the curve may straighten out or potentially progress as the child continues to grow. Signs and symptoms of kyphosis include differences in shoulder and shoulder blade height, tight hamstrings, back pain, and having the head bend forward compared to the rest of the body. Kyphosis is diagnosed with a complete medical history, physical examination, and x-rays. The earlier kyphosis is detected the more successful treatment can be which is why family doctors and pediatricians routinely look for signs of kyphosis.

These are a few of the different types of kyphosis:

• Postural Kyphosis: This is the most common type of kyphosis. It is defined as kyphosis greater than 50 degrees where the vertebrae are normal-shaped. It often becomes noticeable in adolescence and can be associated with slouching.
• Scheuermann’s Kyphosis: This type of kyphosis is when three or more vertebral bodies are wedged over 10 degrees in a row causing the overall kyphosis to measure more than 50 degrees. The wedge-shaped vertebrae cause the spinal column to bend forward, causing an apparent hunched back. Scheuermann’s Kyphosis is found in 0.4 percent of the population with no known cause.
• Congenital Kyphosis: This type of kyphosis is present at birth due to problems with the formation or separation of vertebral bodies in utero. The curve that is present at birth can become more noticeable as the child grows.

Physical therapy with home exercises is often recommended to improve strength and posture. Kyphosis can often be treated conservatively, but severe cases of kyphosis that are painful or progressing can be corrected surgically with instrumentation and fusion.

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